FEMICYCLE - EFFECTIVE AND SAFE CORRECTION OF MENSTRUAL IRREGULARITIES

Sukhanova A.A, MD, Professor, Head of the Chair of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Perinatology
P.L. Shupika National Medical Academy, Kyiv, Ukraine

SUMMARY

Menstrual irregularities are one of the most common pathological conditions of the reproductive system, occurring in all age periods - from menarche to menopause. In the last decade, a steady increase in this pathology is observed despite the great adaptive capabilities of the female body. So, according to the results of epidemiological studies, menstrual irregularities are the cause of women going to a gynecologist in 40-60% of cases [1, 2]. 30% of cases are directly associated with gynecological diseases, 20% with extragenital pathology, 15% with stressful situations, and 9% with surgical treatment of the reproductive organs [1, 3].

INTRODUCTION

Menstrual irregularities cause deterioration in the reproductive function of women, uterine bleeding, anaemia,
psychoemotional disorders, and a significant decrease in working capacity and quality of life [4]. Also, according to different studies, menstrual irregularities associated with hormonal homeostasis disorders increase the risk of developing breast cancer and endometrial adenocarcinoma [5].
All this determines the relevance of this problem and dictates the need for early diagnosis, effective treatment and prevention of menstrual irregularities.

PHYSIOLOGY AND REGULATION OF MENSTRUAL CYCLE

The menstrual cycle is cyclically repeated changes in a female body, mainly in the parts of the reproductive system, the external manifestation of which is blood discharge from the genital tract - menstruation [6]. The menstrual cycle occurs after the menarche (first menstruation) and persists throughout the reproductive period of a woman’s life. The cyclic changes in a woman’s body are biphasic. The first (follicular) phase of the cycle is determined by the maturation of the follicle and the ovum in the ovary, followed by the follicle rupture and the ovum release - ovulation. The second (luteal) phase is associated with the formation of the corpus luteum. At the same time, the cyclic regeneration and proliferation of the functional layer followed by the secretory activity takes place in the endometrium. Such changes in the endometrium cause rejection of the functional layer, known as menstruation [7].

The standard parameters of the menstrual cycle are as follows [3]:

duration is 21 to 35 days (for 60% of women, the average cycle is 28 days);
duration of menstrual discharge is 2 to 7 days;
amount of blood loss within menstrual days is 40-60 ml (an average of 50 ml).